Know what you are choosing

Ask what the object is made from, whether it was treated or combined with other materials, how durable it is, and what care it needs.

Jade is a broad trade term most often referring to jadeite or nephrite. Listings should identify the material as precisely as available evidence allows and disclose treatments when known.

Obsidian is volcanic glass. Its color and reflective effects depend on inclusions and structure; it can chip if struck against hard surfaces.

Amethyst and citrine are quartz varieties whose color, clarity, inclusions, and treatments can vary. Avoid reading quality from color alone.

Species, finish, fragrance, blends, and moisture sensitivity affect daily use. Care instructions should match the specific item rather than a generic material category.

For independent material definitions and buyer guidance, see the GIA Jade Buyer’s Guide and the GIA Gem Encyclopedia. These sources explain jade terminology and identify amethyst and citrine as quartz varieties.